ازمان الماضي
🌎2 : Past Tense🌎
أزمان الماضي وهي اربعة انواع ،، كالاتي
🔴1 : Past Simple🔴
الماضي البسيط : هو يعبر عن احداث وقعت في زمن الماضي،
مثلا نقول : هو ذهب الي المدرسة يوم امس
He went to school yesterday .
قاعدة تكوين الماضي البسيط
شرح القاعدة
Adverbs الظروف
قاعدة تكوين الماضي البسيط
شرح القاعدة
Adverbs الظروف
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| فاعل | فعل ماضي | مفعول | ظرف |
| Subject | Past | Object | Adverb |
* عندما نجد ظرف يشير الي الماضي ، يجب نحول الفعل الي الماضي اي ( التصريف الثاني )
أنظر الي جدول الافعال تصريفات الافعال
أمثلة Examples
1- we planted trees in 2010 (plant)
2- she visited park last week (visit)
3- Amin stole a car last night (steal)
4- Samira travelled to france two months ago . ( travel )
5- yesterday , hamid broke the leg of my table . ( break )
هذه الظروف الآتية تشير الي الماضي
Yesterday / last week / last month / last year / two days ago / three week ago / four month ago / in 2016 /
Interrogative form صيغة الاستفهام
اذا اردنا ان نكون سؤال في صيغة الماضي ، علينا استخدام كلمة did في بداية الجملة ، ثم ضمير وفعل مجرد ، أطلع علي الجدول التالي
| 1 هل | 2 فاعل | 3 فعل مجرد | 4 مفعول | 5 ظرف |
| Did | subject | verbs | ..... | Adverbs |
1- A: Did she visit her family ?
B: yes , she did. / No , she didnot
2- A: did you play football yesterday ?
B: Yes , I did. / No , I didnot
3- A: did they travel to Paris last week
B: Yes , they did / No , they didnot
4- A: did he work last night ?
B: Yes , he did / No , he didmot
5- A: did john lose the game ?
B: Yes , he did / No he didnot
========================
Negative form صيغة النفي
عندما نريد أن ننفي جملة في الماضي البسيط ، علينا أن نضع بعد الضمير كلمة didnot والفعل يكون مجرد ، اي صيغة المضارع : أنظر أدناه :
قاعدة تكوين.النفي
| 1 •••••••••• فاعل | 2 ••••••••••• لا | 3 •••••••••••••• فعل مجرد | 4 •••••••••• مفعول | 5 ••••••••••• ظرف |
| Subject | did not | verb 1 | object | adverb |
1- مثبة: he visited zoo last week
منفية : he didnot visit zoo last week
2- مثبتة: omer played tennis last night
منفية: omer didnt play tenis last night
3- مثبتة: they worked very hard in farm two weeks ago
منفية : they didnot work very hard in farm two weeks .
4- مثبتة: she went to school yesterday
منفية:she didnt go to school ysterday
5- مثبتة: Ali stole a bicycle in 2018
منفية: Ali didnot steal abicycle in 2018
========================
🔴2 : Past Continuous🔴
الماضي المستمر
هو يعبر عن احداث وقعت في الماضي ومازالت مستمرة
، مثلا نقول : يوم أمس هو كان ماشي الي المدرسة
Yesterday , He was going to school
قاعدة تكوين الماضي المستمر
هي تنقسم الي ثلاث أنواع رئيسية علي النحو التالي
A _ One long Action حدث واحد طويل
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| فاعل | فعل مساعد | فعل | مفعول | ظرف |
| Subject | was/were | Verb+ing | Object | Adverb |
1- Omer was watering flowers all yesterday ( water )
2- boys were playing chest all last week . ( play )
B _ Two long Action حدثين طويلين
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | |
| ظرف | فاعل | فعل مساعد | فعل | مفعول | فاعل | مساعد | فعل | مفعول | |
| While As | Subject | was /were | Verb-ing | Obj | Subject | was /were | Verb-ing | Obj |
Examples أمثلة 1- while he was watching film , mona was cooking dinner . ( watch - cook )
2- as she was writing arabic , omer and salma were washing clothes .
C _ One long Action , Short one حدث واحد طويل والاخر قصير
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | |
| ظرف | فاعل | مساعد | فعل | مفعول | فاعل | ماضى | مفعول | |
| Adver | Subjec | was /were | Verb_ing | Objec | Subj | Past 2 | Objec |
1- while they were eating , Amna went out . ( eat. - go. )
1- while Amin was cleaning room , Samia came . ( clean - come )
Interrogative form صيغة استفهام
عند تكوين سؤال في الماضي المستمر ، يجب أن نضع was / were قبل الفاعل ، مثلا :
1- A: was she dancing at party all yesterday ? ( dance )
B: yes , she was dancing ...
2- A: where was he working ? ( work)
B: he was working in school
🔴3 : Past Perfect 🔴
الماضي التام
هو يعبر عن احداث وقعت في زمن الماضي
مثلا نقول : هي قد ذهبت الي المدرسة
She had gone to school
قاعدة تكوين الماضي التام
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| فاعل | مساعد | فعل | مفعول | ظرف |
| Subj | had | P.P 3 | Objec | Adver |
* يتكون الماضي التام عادة من جملتين ، جملة تتكون من had + p.p ، والجملة الاخرى تتكون من الماضي البسيط ، أي ( التصريف الثاني ) ،
* نستخدم في هذه الجملتين أدوات الربط : when, عندما - after, بعد - before, قبل
Examples أمثلة
1- Amin had gone to school, before she came back from her work
2- when he had finished his task , Mona arrived home .
3- Omer had married Sara , after he completed his house .
Interrogative form صيغة الاستفهام
عند صياغة سؤال ، يجب أن نضع كلمة had في بداية الجملة ، أو نضعها بعد سؤال wh-quest
1- A: had she taken all books ?
B: yes , she had taken all books
2- A: had they arrived bus early ?
B: yes , they had arrived bus early
3- A: where had you seen a lion ?
B: I had seen a lion in the zoo
4- A: why had she shouted loudly ?
B: because she had seen elephant
5- A: who had killed snake ?
B: Omer had killed snake .
Negative form صيغة النفي
1- she had not seen an elephant
( not see )
2- Mona had not broken this glass
( not break )
3- they had not arrived bus station
( not arrive )
4- we had not shown photo to her
( not show )
5- Amir had not engaged to Amira
( not engage )
🔴4 : Past Perfect Cont🔴
الماضي التام المستمر
هو يعبر عن احداث مؤكدة وقعت في زمن الماضي
وبصورة مستمرة ،، مثلا نقول :
هي كانت تلعب تنس كل الاسبوع الماضي
She had been playing Tenis all last week
قاعدة تكوين الماضي التام المستمر
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
| فاعل | مساعد | فعل | مفعول | ظرف | |
| Subjec | had | been | Verb_ing | Objec | Adver |
في هذا الزمن ، نبحث فقط في الظروف التي تشير أليه ، ثم نستخدم : had been v+ing بعد الفاعل مباشرة ، كما هو موضح في الجدول
Examples أمثلة
1- he had been working in factory all day last week . ( work )
2- Amin had been listening to radio all last night . ( listen )
3- she had been teaching english all january in 2016 . ( teach )
4- Sara had been cooking fish all evening yesterday . ( cook )
5- we had been going to village all yesterday morning. ( go )
Adverbs الظروف
all day last week / all night yesterday / all morning in last week
Interrogative form صيغة الاستفهام
عند صياغة في هذا الزمن ، يجب أن نضع اولا كلمة had ثم يليها الفاعل وكلمة been ، ويضاف للفعل ing ، أنظر الي الجدول التالي :
| 0 أداة | 1 ••••••••• مساعد | 2 •••••••••• فاعل | 3 ••••••• فعل | 4 •••••• أضافة | 5 ••••••••••• مفعول | 6 ••••••••••• ظرف |
| السؤال | had | subject | verb | ing | object | adverb |
1- A: had he been watching film ?
B: yes , he had been watching film
2- A: had they been working all day ?
B: Yes , they had been working ...
3- A: had she been playing tenis ?
B: yes , she had been playing ....
4- where had he been working ?
B: he had been working in school
5- who had been teaching english ?
B: Omer had been teaching english
Negative form صيغة النفي
عند تكوين جملة منفية ، يجب أن نضيف كلمة not امام الفعل المساعد had لتصبح hadnot
أطلع علي الجدول التالي :
| 1 ••••••••••• فاعل | 2 ••••••••••••••• | 3 •••••• | 4 ••••••••••• فعل | 5 ••••••••• مفعول | 6 ••••••• ظرف |
| Subject | had + not | been | v + ing | object | adverb |
1- we had not been working there .
( not work )
2- they had not been building a house
( not build )
3- hamid had not been playing tenis
( not play )
4- mona had not been eating orange
( not eat. )
5- boys had not been listening to music .
( not listen )
_________________فتح صفحة_________________
يمكنك فتح صفحة الموقع او عرض قائمة الدروس
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